- 註冊時間
- 2023-5-6
- 精華
- 在線時間
- 小時
- 米币
-
- 最後登錄
- 1970-1-1
|
發表於 2025-1-4 03:25:35
|
顯示全部樓層
Sexual Precocity in a 16-Month-Old7 e m8 q5 V. Y" {2 c
Boy Induced by Indirect Topical, p+ ?1 f- I& z' x3 v7 |
Exposure to Testosterone
" t/ \5 b8 `7 a7 Z8 ?0 PSamar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,1 Tracy Ricke, MD,2
% }" G' ]8 h* F) t, `- B, jand Kenneth R. Rettig, MD1
3 F5 j2 O( O3 K6 T) I7 m; H. UClinical Pediatrics
% x4 N* @, J& u% H6 Z0 p. u, X tVolume 46 Number 69 O! k* ^4 p' N( L" q# {. v
July 2007 540-543
- y- H6 | ]- x+ {5 a& Q/ g© 2007 Sage Publications6 Q7 V+ F6 w# `) L
10.1177/0009922806296651, i2 \% d7 N, q6 Y
http://clp.sagepub.com
: O6 C$ B% W2 }2 z7 K, }hosted at. w( e8 Q5 Z. O3 B. D3 A
http://online.sagepub.com
& W, r, N. k) P& vPrecocious puberty in boys, central or peripheral,' Q2 j6 }" w: T1 N, x" l6 W
is a significant concern for physicians. Central
# ]- ]" |, M8 O5 `precocious puberty (CPP), which is mediated
! N: b& V3 j' K4 D$ ithrough the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, has" z4 d" ~/ |+ ^* D1 v+ d
a higher incidence of organic central nervous system; d) w$ t9 m: i, g1 l! |5 S
lesions in boys.1,2 Virilization in boys, as manifested# k& l9 p7 `8 L
by enlargement of the penis, development of pubic
. Y+ |! x9 D- Q3 @hair, and facial acne without enlargement of testi-
1 i! U6 q6 h5 tcles, suggests peripheral or pseudopuberty.1-3 We
" C* J/ _) E& ~9 G+ d2 t7 t) {report a 16-month-old boy who presented with the
, U# A* _% {* `& senlargement of the phallus and pubic hair develop-
+ W+ v8 K) \# Z- b2 N3 q5 Pment without testicular enlargement, which was due
+ A4 ?# S4 \2 y5 |to the unintentional exposure to androgen gel used by
& h3 o8 ]$ Z/ t7 E. W; e Fthe father. The family initially concealed this infor-
4 C- I, v. w# J, Z4 vmation, resulting in an extensive work-up for this( ^. i; ]0 u9 B/ a9 W+ c2 t. P
child. Given the widespread and easy availability of
[; M. ^8 v- y$ p1 Gtestosterone gel and cream, we believe this is proba-
* m/ G7 M6 G3 c* Z3 p$ Obly more common than the rare case report in the, f! z6 E& v# W7 j
literature.4) O7 u M5 r8 f" T! O. E
Patient Report1 f* K9 `9 N/ Z: W1 C, }- ^
A 16-month-old white child was referred to the4 f5 }* p6 |1 v
endocrine clinic by his pediatrician with the concern" |" S6 S. ^# N4 ^( P
of early sexual development. His mother noticed7 W) k: O( @8 _- w- k+ j( e' \8 z" s! [9 H
light colored pubic hair development when he was' F* |6 V+ ^2 x6 L. Z. l% ^( y
From the 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, 2University of
& f1 E ~7 V7 g3 j4 XSouth Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, Alabama.
. T3 y" A' {; J2 E G" ^Address correspondence to: Samar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE," `/ N* x8 m& R. |/ O8 Q% F$ w
Professor of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, College of5 ?* I9 ~5 Z2 H/ v- S
Medicine, 2451 Fillingim St. Mastin 212, Mobile, AL 36617-2297;2 z* H* X# I& T8 Z# [# F
e-mail: [email protected].
. L% `( n: s* e9 h6 S+ w! Eabout 6 to 7 months old, which progressively became
( \9 \# Q/ g8 j0 @/ h# Z* ]) Xdarker. She was also concerned about the enlarge- i" C" l& x# i9 n( x% a9 W
ment of his penis and frequent erections. The child3 k/ @7 M8 _/ S9 p. A
was the product of a full-term normal delivery, with5 r1 U5 l% F" ~/ w5 H. Z; R& O
a birth weight of 7 lb 14 oz, and birth length of! z6 L* u. q7 Q6 x$ g* V4 a) b) M
20 inches. He was breast-fed throughout the first year9 w8 A6 R) Y/ U$ x* M X1 G# g
of life and was still receiving breast milk along with
: P( s3 o9 T: F$ l- Bsolid food. He had no hospitalizations or surgery,3 A9 C% U/ f: _* L+ Y
and his psychosocial and psychomotor development% f: h5 U' ]3 ^; l8 V6 c8 V& V
was age appropriate.
7 s7 U# H0 o5 f! nThe family history was remarkable for the father,
% m# h/ [% b2 L1 }5 f5 Q8 l5 ]who was diagnosed with hypothyroidism at age 16,
( T' x2 A8 T& ]# C) ]9 G) U, e2 Fwhich was treated with thyroxine. The father’s+ [7 D- ^9 u4 h
height was 6 feet, and he went through a somewhat8 ]8 Q1 H& g, l% X" @
early puberty and had stopped growing by age 14.
" P! E2 y9 H. r( U* K% ? uThe father denied taking any other medication. The, C9 }5 o: U6 T/ I
child’s mother was in good health. Her menarche2 K* B7 g p' H; J2 {, A# f
was at 11 years of age, and her height was at 5 feet! J B; C1 s7 [
5 inches. There was no other family history of pre-+ E8 p1 p4 O0 J* c* h0 c
cocious sexual development in the first-degree rela-
) {9 c ^' t Wtives. There were no siblings., \+ P" a+ k, Z0 L. O; ^
Physical Examination6 a1 \/ p" S; B& l, Z# V# o: P0 T
The physical examination revealed a very active,7 I* W. u1 ~ \! l! b1 T0 W
playful, and healthy boy. The vital signs documented
% b7 d H, s, z; b0 T+ L6 na blood pressure of 85/50 mm Hg, his length was
1 N; Y. `# K( h: T+ U$ Y90 cm (>97th percentile), and his weight was 14.4 kg
, O3 U# ^0 A( y. ]) g# y+ u3 L(also >97th percentile). The observed yearly growth6 x* ^/ M! n9 ] e: }3 K& v: E
velocity was 30 cm (12 inches). The examination of: ?9 }, @0 k3 \% ^% M+ |
the neck revealed no thyroid enlargement.
; J1 I; r/ e0 K+ S# ^- l9 nThe genitourinary examination was remarkable for
7 ^( a8 {6 b4 |8 K% h# Zenlargement of the penis, with a stretched length of
: R3 r1 ]- I+ W7 ? t& g8 cm and a width of 2 cm. The glans penis was very well: @9 O9 `9 L/ r) M
developed. The pubic hair was Tanner II, mostly around
) e }! J! t+ v5404 r; z1 }8 ^; a- s0 [6 `6 Z( ?( }
at University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from
, W u& ?; x( u9 N( g+ Hthe base of the phallus and was dark and curled. The
& R4 J" ?) L& O/ Atesticular volume was prepubertal at 2 mL each.
5 P" e) Z. a7 E3 CThe skin was moist and smooth and somewhat' E$ Y* s- d- C4 k' ?
oily. No axillary hair was noted. There were no
& [ \4 L4 i( b1 w/ Gabnormal skin pigmentations or café-au-lait spots.- N4 H5 B. {% q4 e" G* E& Q+ Q
Neurologic evaluation showed deep tendon reflex 2+
: e; a+ r' s+ j5 |5 l8 b5 k5 Mbilateral and symmetrical. There was no suggestion
% L+ R8 x& G' h/ U H( u3 \of papilledema.
1 Z5 W8 w5 M; C& l) {" MLaboratory Evaluation
2 P1 |( o. H* S, ~2 x, uThe bone age was consistent with 28 months by
; q/ J+ h( d& A, @% l: @using the standard of Greulich and Pyle at a chrono-
, r3 h9 ?4 C) [( n& Glogic age of 16 months (advanced).5 Chromosomal
- U3 a* U) \' H, pkaryotype was 46XY. The thyroid function test! M6 @( G/ A0 t h7 g, p, Y. y8 J
showed a free T4 of 1.69 ng/dL, and thyroid stimu-
5 z: [0 n% R8 `( b8 Q/ f1 A8 ?lating hormone level was 1.3 µIU/mL (both normal).# U5 g p9 v! t0 Z" J
The concentrations of serum electrolytes, blood
' ^; U1 _7 l. D; ]( murea nitrogen, creatinine, and calcium all were
6 o7 h5 A! X5 A! C& jwithin normal range for his age. The concentration& n! _+ p! G+ ^0 S* v! d( @
of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone was 16 ng/dL U0 G" j1 q) h* P' @. b- ]9 x% {3 M
(normal, 3 to 90 ng/dL), androstenedione was 20, ^$ b# X7 T( V
ng/dL (normal, 18 to 80 ng/dL), dehydroepiandros-
/ J; H1 S% B/ r' e) u1 Z1 zterone was 38 ng/dL (normal, 50 to 760 ng/dL),9 r; Y5 X0 Z) d4 J Z W
desoxycorticosterone was 4.3 ng/dL (normal, 7 to- F" R' A$ t4 g7 b9 C; Q
49ng/dL), 11-desoxycortisol (specific compound S)
0 d f. }* @" f7 O, N# v$ u% ~was 43 ng/dL (normal, 10 to 156 ng/dL), serum cor-
4 R1 g* t5 T ftisol was 7.6 µg/dL (normal, 2.8 to 23 µg/dL), total" r5 c E) c, W5 {: P: l
testosterone was 60 ng/dL (normal <3 to 10 ng/dL),/ _' S3 A% b: c- u
and β-human chorionic gonadotropin was less than4 W3 O3 S( r1 V8 C- f* h. Z
5 mIU/mL (normal <5 mIU/mL). Serum follicular3 M. k0 K3 X$ k" d) t f( e5 ?; _
stimulating hormone and leuteinizing hormone
* f& f$ f/ p* o u: u. Cconcentrations were less than 0.05 mIU/mL
1 r9 K3 J, y+ e(prepubertal).
1 \9 V# \3 _, u3 AThe parents were notified about the laboratory7 q9 g; n& ^) \8 i
results and were informed that all of the tests were. S& k \2 c4 k8 v7 w2 X
normal except the testosterone level was high. The# }3 w, Q4 U9 J+ v, z0 E
follow-up visit was arranged within a few weeks to
. z3 L; W* I5 `8 O+ Oobtain testicular and abdominal sonograms; how-
- [2 _( E2 A- x2 e, P+ tever, the family did not return for 4 months.
# \, Q3 }/ ?, D4 u# sPhysical examination at this time revealed that the
$ j, R( t& e4 ^) Z2 Achild had grown 2.5 cm in 4 months and had gained
# }* E4 y$ ?, b9 A# W1 L5 P2 kg of weight. Physical examination remained
( d% e0 A ]. O8 {3 z8 F+ |unchanged. Surprisingly, the pubic hair almost com-* K9 ~6 M( E( V5 ]9 _( l: g
pletely disappeared except for a few vellous hairs at
! L* ~! p4 ^; a5 Q4 Qthe base of the phallus. Testicular volume was still 2' P- Y* U4 a# \7 a; T! ~# q, d
mL, and the size of the penis remained unchanged.! }. J/ X3 x- n4 p
The mother also said that the boy was no longer hav-$ z9 |% k0 M1 b5 a
ing frequent erections.
& S& S' F; d; P+ Y2 f' Z- o. rBoth parents were again questioned about use of' p7 V% I/ o2 K/ ^+ @3 F1 Y
any ointment/creams that they may have applied to
9 H( G: i8 J! J" j+ l2 rthe child’s skin. This time the father admitted the9 Q, F2 G* ^" @8 w2 l) F7 R- d
Topical Testosterone Exposure / Bhowmick et al 5418 @8 @2 C, ] y2 H0 @0 b( z
use of testosterone gel twice daily that he was apply-+ b. F; p4 M: d
ing over his own shoulders, chest, and back area for
/ _1 u! l$ V* I7 W wa year. The father also revealed he was embarrassed
& _% F+ E) S2 q# ]5 [) R3 W, Nto disclose that he was using a testosterone gel pre-+ x" V9 p3 l- h3 Q
scribed by his family physician for decreased libido6 k! I5 K2 _5 p Z# R; n% R2 x
secondary to depression.2 Z/ U( f0 H7 S" n+ K
The child slept in the same bed with parents.+ Q5 u- C) {8 \0 k; `, [
The father would hug the baby and hold him on his; W. |4 Y- @/ w, k6 K
chest for a considerable period of time, causing sig-+ r. J1 ^ V- _) D9 y, w
nificant bare skin contact between baby and father.9 V1 U2 \% l* ]0 ^' u h. @
The father also admitted that after the phone call,
0 e* _; s# Z6 H, rwhen he learned the testosterone level in the baby5 D5 L" r9 ]: x8 @
was high, he then read the product information
0 c4 E+ ^& b" }. n/ L5 u) U' B' G: _" mpacket and concluded that it was most likely the rea-
( m) L+ G4 I8 D+ b3 K- d9 xson for the child’s virilization. At that time, they( N( `* M8 ~ f" j: J/ T
decided to put the baby in a separate bed, and the
8 ]6 w. B. n& X! q6 r6 [father was not hugging him with bare skin and had! Y$ j( R. j( |% g
been using protective clothing. A repeat testosterone% i" I; \9 C2 h) I9 U! P8 _
test was ordered, but the family did not go to the0 ?% m8 z8 x. f/ o
laboratory to obtain the test.; B' z/ @$ O1 I+ f# i& F
Discussion
* i. R, E! Y& }( c% m- B: n: QPrecocious puberty in boys is defined as secondary
3 g0 e9 ?, k# H+ W3 }sexual development before 9 years of age.1,4
+ k! ^" M$ ^& s1 u$ dPrecocious puberty is termed as central (true) when
# U3 a6 L* f5 hit is caused by the premature activation of hypo-$ K9 W$ N$ U6 X" B5 a/ b3 \% c% K
thalamic pituitary gonadal axis. CPP is more com-& M4 v" o- i* e& L( K( U/ I% a; y$ P
mon in girls than in boys.1,3 Most boys with CPP9 o7 X+ f! ^3 f+ d, M7 D# i1 @$ o
may have a central nervous system lesion that is
' s+ V6 u0 S: d, q# D4 N* Kresponsible for the early activation of the hypothal-
, t1 A$ n7 O# E: R Y. f4 Vamic pituitary gonadal axis.1-3 Thus, greater empha-
8 D5 N0 V" @- J( m4 y/ Csis has been given to neuroradiologic imaging in4 D. h4 {. |" A9 [
boys with precocious puberty. In addition to viril-
/ Q, i7 N/ m) Q4 v Rization, the clinical hallmark of CPP is the symmet-. p/ N" V& {6 ~
rical testicular growth secondary to stimulation by
' B. B/ ?0 k( t5 u$ x( g* Q0 G% Ggonadotropins.1,3- | E& g& s) \3 d5 N/ m7 X' ?
Gonadotropin-independent peripheral preco-
% p* y! p; _1 fcious puberty in boys also results from inappropriate
h5 f" U: U5 dandrogenic stimulation from either endogenous or
) Z# X6 J) p" |; rexogenous sources, nonpituitary gonadotropin stim-
5 h& a8 z$ M1 O( M0 ~( O' aulation, and rare activating mutations.3 Virilizing
# }8 u7 K# J6 n) ~2 icongenital adrenal hyperplasia producing excessive% a( D8 x9 y) a; z; R& `, k, |/ ?* u7 T
adrenal androgens is a common cause of precocious
+ g. b3 y6 m0 u% A8 C8 Xpuberty in boys.3,4
; L- Q6 B% f. s7 \, ~# ]$ B9 ^6 xThe most common form of congenital adrenal
5 j: }- ?1 A' L7 ^+ X+ i/ thyperplasia is the 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency.; u F/ F! F; x! ]% Z- S. j2 m
The 11-β hydroxylase deficiency may also result in
" c) {2 _* V9 z# Z) F/ V, pexcessive adrenal androgen production, and rarely,) ^2 f; w: C+ K E
an adrenal tumor may also cause adrenal androgen, X( m) W0 o9 |. ]
excess.1,3
7 |" F/ [8 u( q/ W3 b* z7 E v( Uat University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from9 A( h( ^+ k& O5 U/ r
542 Clinical Pediatrics / Vol. 46, No. 6, July 2007
3 {5 j) E9 ~! b7 q3 S' I: N7 iA unique entity of male-limited gonadotropin-6 {0 @- V C" ?# h- V
independent precocious puberty, which is also known: ^2 V1 c) l0 T! x$ b
as testotoxicosis, may cause precocious puberty at a
6 ^2 j& x) Y; q% o( r5 X% O( Q& d" Svery young age. The physical findings in these boys2 A& R" }; L) ~+ x6 n7 T9 S
with this disorder are full pubertal development,
5 w1 g5 M( Q% @. f1 h% x, S7 nincluding bilateral testicular growth, similar to boys
& ]" K6 V3 P- S. v" `with CPP. The gonadotropin levels in this disorder1 _( p0 h8 Y' |
are suppressed to prepubertal levels and do not show) T9 w7 v* i5 ]6 C0 i+ _6 n
pubertal response of gonadotropin after gonadotropin-
) Z2 Q3 A# o6 q* `# u. |4 nreleasing hormone stimulation. This is a sex-linked9 D! K) J* u* S
autosomal dominant disorder that affects only" Z) I; p! H! _8 K. Z" v+ ^' b& K! `
males; therefore, other male members of the family3 ]8 i8 ?& y/ R7 L
may have similar precocious puberty.3
+ Y8 K0 e6 n4 r& OIn our patient, physical examination was incon-$ p) o5 q7 p8 H! R- m1 ^9 b
sistent with true precocious puberty since his testi-
( ^( }5 G" G/ Z- o U9 mcles were prepubertal in size. However, testotoxicosis8 i9 ]3 M3 z3 W! o
was in the differential diagnosis because his father
3 a# F. F! k$ N3 H" H9 M! `started puberty somewhat early, and occasionally,
9 y6 \( _2 e0 ~4 c0 h% L) j' V/ U9 _testicular enlargement is not that evident in the" K7 K5 `5 ?1 s! u6 _. d# r, O
beginning of this process.1 In the absence of a neg-, K8 T' d. p; t) A
ative initial history of androgen exposure, our; C9 ]" h# u& d1 K$ E# J( @6 k
biggest concern was virilizing adrenal hyperplasia,. d/ k9 Q( ?( q) V
either 21-hydroxylase deficiency or 11-β hydroxylase
& f a+ K; y* odeficiency. Those diagnoses were excluded by find-6 _) S- p+ C9 ` L
ing the normal level of adrenal steroids.. a5 R/ f6 G# C# a
The diagnosis of exogenous androgens was strongly/ y: y* ^! |1 Z6 n+ x
suspected in a follow-up visit after 4 months because
* ~3 j7 V" p D! f9 Uthe physical examination revealed the complete disap-! q6 h! F1 v8 ]1 \& @+ F9 K
pearance of pubic hair, normal growth velocity, and) a, p8 V1 |8 v0 f0 J8 W
decreased erections. The father admitted using a testos-7 y! c; o9 a0 l& K$ \: [1 Z8 j
terone gel, which he concealed at first visit. He was" r. t: b6 y: M- h. v
using it rather frequently, twice a day. The Physicians’
6 ~9 z' J% E( eDesk Reference, or package insert of this product, gel or
+ |! {" K( j+ Icream, cautions about dermal testosterone transfer to* B; g$ p( i. C8 w0 j5 K1 E
unprotected females through direct skin exposure.
, v6 ` u- w# z5 v1 pSerum testosterone level was found to be 2 times the
7 S ^( _/ O7 P0 g& kbaseline value in those females who were exposed to8 y2 t# A0 ]# |$ C/ V1 z
even 15 minutes of direct skin contact with their male2 d8 n% G6 n6 r- \
partners.6 However, when a shirt covered the applica-
) Q8 {% G. c1 Wtion site, this testosterone transfer was prevented.
6 @ ~( f& }' ^4 z1 IOur patient’s testosterone level was 60 ng/mL,
* K3 N: u6 V twhich was clearly high. Some studies suggest that
& A6 I( V9 a5 B: {, N3 b$ M) k; ndermal conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestos-7 [& E$ Z+ g8 r5 d/ I
terone, which is a more potent metabolite, is more
# T: e4 n/ c! ?# k0 L- l7 Y1 Pactive in young children exposed to testosterone
8 H. M K% X8 N6 l* E' qexogenously7; however, we did not measure a dihy-
g$ [; ^, W3 L9 [2 M9 F1 Cdrotestosterone level in our patient. In addition to
" Q0 i9 j, L" z ?: `3 I* N9 lvirilization, exposure to exogenous testosterone in
/ |4 [* \; W; P' n* [) d T; u6 S: schildren results in an increase in growth velocity and( R. V6 G6 z* x' x7 c* q
advanced bone age, as seen in our patient.$ ]# n# x, y& `2 I9 h
The long-term effect of androgen exposure during* L; [3 U9 f" \1 ^
early childhood on pubertal development and final
7 u6 J" Y2 u) d- _# C% Zadult height are not fully known and always remain
5 J' l5 k/ P. y& ya concern. Children treated with short-term testos-% X/ d) G3 T3 y4 U0 b+ Q! l
terone injection or topical androgen may exhibit some
9 ]- z- \- h# s6 macceleration of the skeletal maturation; however, after
1 s4 H# y8 V- g; T$ g4 Ocessation of treatment, the rate of bone maturation _. _/ l. Q! X+ C+ U1 C
decelerates and gradually returns to normal.8,9
7 Q% m3 n7 n6 ~2 NThere are conflicting reports and controversy
/ o, u+ Q9 _7 X+ Oover the effect of early androgen exposure on adult1 y8 s% g2 g' T% [) S
penile length.10,11 Some reports suggest subnormal
1 r3 S8 l0 H1 A4 i& R0 B" J$ ?adult penile length, apparently because of downreg-" u f! Z: _; r9 v9 Z* H0 z
ulation of androgen receptor number.10,12 However,5 r5 ]# ]4 ^0 ?# f% \
Sutherland et al13 did not find a correlation between
( H% c; p' n! ^5 p* Cchildhood testosterone exposure and reduced adult6 ?- n" k$ c; F- `- G
penile length in clinical studies.
& i' W$ w" q, o8 [0 ~3 ?& ]Nonetheless, we do not believe our patient is; v. N' H8 E! ]8 T8 c
going to experience any of the untoward effects from
3 w- T) n! a: E4 {5 Ltestosterone exposure as mentioned earlier because
" M' B" C/ W L5 Z# Pthe exposure was not for a prolonged period of time.
0 z4 Z& b# x2 T6 |, zAlthough the bone age was advanced at the time of v; O0 S$ p: j- o' ~& z; k
diagnosis, the child had a normal growth velocity at0 @# x* ]$ D& p( v: q D
the follow-up visit. It is hoped that his final adult5 Y: v/ t" _- Z1 @
height will not be affected.) D9 l* c0 ^6 Z; y9 ?9 ^) F
Although rarely reported, the widespread avail-
: N$ @8 c( e, j8 N: jability of androgen products in our society may% Y4 ]+ W7 S9 W1 k: I
indeed cause more virilization in male or female" k; @8 `$ F; f; s$ {
children than one would realize. Exposure to andro-, R( O7 p4 s# Z! n/ L1 r
gen products must be considered and specific ques-3 u; C, T9 z' Z- f
tioning about the use of a testosterone product or
8 H% G8 |( r9 C" v) [: e# S! U* `gel should be asked of the family members during/ f9 h( L3 o% T
the evaluation of any children who present with vir-
. G3 e" h F7 h4 cilization or peripheral precocious puberty. The diag-
+ q, T3 l# Z( {8 d+ X# h; P/ fnosis can be established by just a few tests and by5 ^7 r( U* J3 z, L9 R0 O# Y
appropriate history. The inability to obtain such a
* b' d2 J, e9 x: m$ ihistory, or failure to ask the specific questions, may
( x1 K& D. m9 t7 `- Fresult in extensive, unnecessary, and expensive& C! L, f8 p1 H& Y5 a
investigation. The primary care physician should be+ F! o9 `7 }- P# b& j. ^
aware of this fact, because most of these children
, H$ D1 W5 D' P3 b4 f' n; hmay initially present in their practice. The Physicians’! ~ Y$ `. E" q1 d1 w7 @1 k# [
Desk Reference and package insert should also put a
0 j7 V2 K3 V4 n4 @' dwarning about the virilizing effect on a male or
0 O5 W; u! [' L. F6 J6 ~( Gfemale child who might come in contact with some-
* }2 A, ^# k: Lone using any of these products.
4 ~) S3 J4 i& j: y7 i! tReferences* O- F7 L( ]: x( }( n
1. Styne DM. The testes: disorder of sexual differentiation
3 c* e7 c2 }( R; L. S0 tand puberty in the male. In: Sperling MA, ed. Pediatric q2 a0 _4 R T5 r, k
Endocrinology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;+ C0 m& R; r! m! v, E2 \; ~: z
2002: 565-628.
# Q$ }2 g2 i7 ?: n2 H2. Rivarola M, Belgorosky A, Mendilaharzu H, et al. Precocious
9 k1 M3 M% c6 u4 S; C$ E. lpuberty in children with tumours of the suprasellar pineal |
|